Essay about Bipolar Disorder Illness and Treatment

Bipolar disorder is characterized by unusual and sudden changes in mood, energy, activity levels affecting the ability to perform everyday tasks, impacting negatively relationships, professional life and often leading to suicide. Bipolar disorder usually show signs in adolescence or early adulthood and is a long term condition that must be appropriately treated in order to improve the life quality of the patient. Often people suffering from bipolar disorder also suffer addiction to drugs and alcohol and one of the reasons is that people with bipolar disorder sometimes try to self treat their symptoms with alcohol and drugs, which make bipolar symptoms worse. The causes of bipolar disorder are unknown, however most scientist agree that a†¦show more content†¦The children who had or are at high risk for bipolar disorder score higher on a creativity index than healthy children. In our society creativity is highly valued and priced; Although creativity and bipolar disorders may have a relationship, being affected by this devastating disorder don’t represent a give because bipolar disorder as any other mental illness bring suffering rather than accomplishment. It is possible that creativity and bipolar disorders are linked to a genetic factor that could be passed from one generation to another. In order to find answers to this enigma, it may be helpful to study creativity in individuals before they show symptoms of BD, this will tell us if mania or hypomania is a key point in the development of a creative mind. Aristotle famously asked why is it that all men who have become outstanding in philosophy, poetry and arts are melancholic. This question remains unanswered today. Bipolar disorder is one of the most distinctive conditions in psychiatry. Many famous musicians, writers, and leaders of society have had bipolar disorder. Many of these people — and some of their physicians — have been concerned that the pharmacologic treatment of the ir mood swings mightShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say howRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder, also commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual and heightened swings in a person’s mood, energy level, and ability to function. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be severe and therefore, they are quite different from the normal shifts in mood that everyone goes through on a daily basis. The effects of bipolar disorder can result in broken relationships, poor performance at work or school, self-mutilation, and even suicide. HoweverRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia Disorder1354 Words   |  6 Pagesher battle with manic-depressive disorder, otherwise known as bipolar disorder. This memoir gave an intelligent perspective of the emotional battle people face when dealing with bipolar disorder, as well as an understanding on the reality and nature of this illness. This book follows very closely to the research based on bipolar disorder, which gave a good informational perspective as well as emotional insight. Through reading this book, articles on bipolar disorder, and research it gave a powerfulRead MoreBip olar Disorder And Its Effects On The Human Mind987 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that has many effects on the human body and mind. It’s found in young adults and children as well. Statistics show that the disorder affects about four million people in the United States and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with bipolar disorder undergo two types of mood swings: depression and mania. Those two are then divided into subcategories: Bipolar 1 Disorder, Bipolar 2 Disorder, and Cylothymia. This paperRead MoreManic Depression : Symptoms Of Symptoms And Treatments1339 Words   |  6 PagesManic Depression Better Treatments Manic depression is an illness that influence or defect the way people feel, interact, socialize, and act. At least fifteen percent of people with bipolar disorder commit suicide. Moreover, the symptoms of this illness show in adolescence or adulthood. According to the World Health Organization mental health Atlas research, in 2014, which published a prevalent and latest estimated data of bipolar disorder covering â€Å"About 2 % of the population of both women and menRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesAs typical as mood swings can be in everyday life, persistence and regularity of mood swings can reveal a mental illness. A mental illness called bipolar disorder has two types, type one and type two. This paper will be more specific to type one bipolar disorder. Type one â€Å"involves periods of severe mood episodes from mania to depression† (Colin, 2013), and it affects â€Å"more than 1% of the world’s population irre spective of nationality, ethnic origin, or socioeconomic status† (Grande et al., 2015)Read MoreBipolar Disorder Is The Leading Cause Of Disability Worldwide Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder also known as manic depressive illness is a brain disorder that causes shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out everyday task (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Every year, 2.9% of the U.S population is diagnosed with bipolar disorder, with nearly 83% of causes being classified as severe (NAMI). According to Miller, Ghadiali, Larusso, Wahlen, Ani-Barron, Mittal, Greene (2015), bipolar disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide. MostRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Manic Depressive Illness Disorder845 Words   |  4 Pages INTRODUCTION Manic-depressive illness disorder also known as bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain that makes and abnormal change in moods, energy, activity level and the ability to carry out day to day activity. There are many symptoms of bipolar disorder which can be severe and are not the same as the regular ups and downs that people go through from time to time. It is a potentially deadly multisystem condition complicated by a variety of known comorbid conditions including bothRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Major Impact On The Social, Educational, And Occupational Development Of Individuals1729 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder is a highly intermittent illness often beginning in the critical life period of late adolescence and early adulthood. Bipolar disorder can have a major impact on the social, educational and occupational development of individuals. Psychotherapy has been found to treat people with a mental disorder by helping them understand their illness. It teaches people strategies and gives them tools to deal with stress, unhealthy thoughts, and unhealthy behaviors. Psychotherapy helps patients

Analysis Of The Play A Funny Thing Happen On The World

The play A Funny Thing Happen On the Way to the Forum took place in the streets of ancient Rome, in front of three houses. The play took place during the first century A.D. during the early years of the Roman Empire. First house belongs to the house of Marcus Lycus, a buyer and seller of beautiful women. Next is the house of Senex, a Roman senator, his wife Domina, their son Hero, and his slave, Pseudolus, who is attempting to raise enough money to buy his freedom. Last is the house of Erronius, a blind man that continuously complain about the unsolved kidnapping long ago of his son and daughter who were stolen by pirates while they were infants. The basic plot of the play consists of a slave (Pseudolus) trying to buy his freedom from his owner, Hero, who happens to be the son of Senex (the father) and Domina (the mother). Luckily for Pseudolus, Hero has fallen in love with Philia, a virgin who is waiting for Captain Miles Gloriosus to come and claim her, because she has been sol d to him by the proprietor of the House of Pleasure, Marcus Lycus. Hero would give anything in order to make Philia his; so he promised Pseudolus his freedom if and only if he could get Philia to be his. The majority of the play revolves around Pseudolus trying to arrange for Hero and Philia to be together forever. He runs into numerous obstacles, including a hysterical Hysterium, the slave-in-chief, and a bumbling old man, Erronius, who arrives home after being abroad for 20 years searchingShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes ´ Memories in His Poems Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesThere are countless times as one grows up when you just stop for a second and reminisce on random things. These memories serve for a very special purpose as the things you do in life shapes you into the person you will become. Today, many authors and poets make use of their memories and experiences in their work as a way to reflect back on their lives, raise awareness, or just simply to tell a story. As a prominent contributor to the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes was an inspirational poetRead MoreAnalysis of Humor in the Importance of Being Earnest1732 Words   |  7 PagesASSIGNMENT 4 ANALYSIS OF HUMOR IN THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST The Importance of Being Earnest is replete with two elements: pun and paradox. These two are played up immensely to present a very humorous approach to cultural criticism. In essence, it is a satirical comedy on the aristocratic class during the Victorian Era. The text is full of epigrams that expose the characters’ views on lying, marriage, reputation, society, gender, romance and love. Additionally, the play keeps the audienceRead MoreAnalysis of Humor in the Importance of Being Earnest1723 Words   |  7 PagesWRITTEN ASSIGNMENT 4 ANALYSIS OF HUMOR IN THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST The Importance of Being Earnest is replete with two elements: pun and paradox. These two are played up immensely to present a very humorous approach to cultural criticism. In essence, it is a satirical comedy on the aristocratic class during the Victorian Era. The text is full of epigrams that expose the characters’ views on lying, marriage, reputation, society, gender, romance and love. Additionally, the play keeps the audienceRead MoreDreams Deferred in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun736 Words   |  3 PagesLorraine Hansberry’s classic play, A Raisin in the Sun, culls its title from the infamous poem â€Å"Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes, and both works discuss what happens to a person when their dreams -- their hopes, their aspirations, their lives -- are endlessly put on hold. For this analysis of the dreams and character of Beneatha Younger in Raisin, I would like to pull on another dreamy poem of Langston Hughes’ entitled â€Å"Dream Boogie.† Like all the characters in the play, Beneatha has dreams that areRead MoreThe Industry : Video Game Entertainment1399 Words   |  6 PagesDonkey Kong became a hit in retro arcade gaming came to the convenience of playing at home which is what we call a game console. It then became a bigger impact for the company when Shigeru Miyamoto father of the character â€Å"Mario† created Super Mario world it became Nintendo’s Company icon. Running through the game as a role playing game created a lot of attention of gamers. Nintendo’s Market soar while creating games based off its mascot. From console gaming to handheld gaming of the Gameboy you willRead MoreFilm Analysis of Life Is Beautiful Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Analysis of Life Is Beautiful â€Å"La vita e Bella† is an Italian film; Roberto Benigni starred as the main character, Guido Orefice, and also directed it. The film was contentious because of the way Benigni presented its content of the Holocaust with an unlikely comic slant. Some people thought that it showed a misrepresentation of the concentration camp, whilst other thought it showed the triumph. However, in March 1999 it was nominated for seven academy awardsRead MoreThe Difference between Pure Logic and Scientific Logic and Its Relation to the Problems on Earth1538 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancement of subjectivity over objectivity, thanks in large part to the philosophy of Kant, who simply advanced the already widening gap between the old world of understood universals (prior to Occam) and the new world in which universals could not be proven (Weaver, 1984, p. 8). The new world was a world of empirical analysis. The old world (Aristotelian, if you will) way of arriving at truth was by means of the intellect. With the Rationalists, the Skeptics, the Subjectivists and the ModernistsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1708 Words   |  7 PagesBut, the taboo of ‘Holocaust humor’ is already being challenged by various holocaust jokes, Joan Rivers, Viktor Frankle’s Man’s Search for Meaning, Sarah Silverman’s â€Å"Wowschwitz†, and Sander L. Gilman’s article, â€Å" Is Life Beautiful? Can the Shoah Be Funny? Some Thoughts on Recent and Older Films.† This norm of keeping humor out of the Holocaust should be challenged on the basis that it serves as an outlet for which to cope with tragedy, a means of solidarity and unity for the oppressed, and a vehicleRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1455 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeper than that. Laura lives at home with both her mom and brother Tom. What s special about these 3 is that they lost their father to the world of adventure; he left them without even the blink of an eye because he wanted more than what their little world had to offer (which coincidentally is the same thing Tom was struggling with throughout the entire play- wanting something more than what was available to him). We can see the Laura isn t a bad girl, however just painstakingly shy, to the pointRead MoreRacism Is Funny, By Co Creator Of South Park, And The Simpsons Essay2038 Words   |  9 P agesReligion is Funny.† This line once said by co-creator of South Park Matt Stone has caused so much controversy over the years about how we treat other cultures and religions that it has emerged to become a number one topic. Even though religion has been around for many year’s people still take their beliefs very seriously. Media has even start making fun of religions by making jokes about the systems of beliefs of a religion and the people that follow those religions based on the negative stereotypes

Americas Economic Development during the Colonial Period Free Essays

During the 17th and 18th centuries, European nations were heavily influenced by the economic system of mercantilism—a system which aims at maximizing the wealth of a nation (Scott, 2001). Europeans came to the Americas to increase their wealth, expand their influence, gain more power, and build an empire. To acquire wealth for their motherland, Europeans had to have colonies. We will write a custom essay sample on Americas Economic Development during the Colonial Period or any similar topic only for you Order Now The colonists regulated the economic activities of their colonies and then accumulated wealth for the European powers (Score, 2006). From 1607 to 1732, the Europeans colonized thirteen countries, grouped as follows: (1) New England Colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut)—more on shipbuilding and fur trading; (2) Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware)—more cosmopolitan and trading raw materials for manufactured items; and (3) Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia)—predominantly rural economy (Conte Karr, 2001). The discovery of these countries resulted in a movement of European populations into the colonies. This demographic change facilitated the economic progress of the colonies. Their citizens of different origins developed a synergy to live together in harmony; utilized their crafts; and created towns with shops, markets, town halls (Think Quest). As the colonies became prosperous, the English realized that the colonies could expand their trade and further prosper. In 1650s and 1660s, England instituted a set of Navigation Acts to limit colonial trade solely to British—and colonies’ exports to and imports from other countries had to be shipped through Great Britain, thereby increasing the latter’s import duty collections, and incomes for re-exportation of goods (Scott, 2001). These trade restrictions somehow benefited the colonies, e. g. , New England’s ship building industry benefited from foreign competition protection, South Carolina gained from an indigo subsidy, North Carolina profited from bounties on tar and lumber, and various other exporters benefited from zero import tariffs (Scott, 2001). The Navigation Acts were strictly enforced in 1763, which heightened the interest of the colonies to gain their independence from Britain (Scott, 2001). References Conte, Christopher, and Albert R. Karr. (2001). Chapter 3 – The U. S. Economy: A Brief History. An Outline of the U. S. Economy. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from U. S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Information Programs Web site: http://usinfo. state. gov/products/pubs/oecon/chap3. htm. Score. (2006). A Study of the colonial economy from 1600-1750. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Schools of California Online Resources for Education (Score) Web site: http://score. rims. k12. ca. us/score_lessons/. Scott, Carole E. (2001). Mercantilism and the American Revolution. In American Economic History. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Ancestry. com Web site: http://freepages. history. rootsweb. ancestry. com/~cescott/mercan. html. Think Quest. (n. d. ). The Colonial Period. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Oracle Education Foundation Web site: http://library. thinkquest. org/C007803/colonia_period. htm. How to cite Americas Economic Development during the Colonial Period, Papers

Martin luther king jr. 6 Essay Example For Students

Martin luther king jr. 6 Essay Martin Luther king Jr., is a person with such a status in history, every one knows his name. He grew up in a time where every southern state was segregated. He grew up in a religious family and was ordained a minister at the age of 17; thus began his life of fighting for the betterment of mankind. He became known for his public speeches and ability to get points across in nonviolent ways. His speeches where monumental because they offered promise to oppressed people, and a nonviolent means to achieve it. He was a powerful speaker and became a figure head for large movements for the civil rights of blacks in the South. One of his many achievements began in 1955 after Rosa Parkes was arrested for not giving up her bus seat for a white person. He was asked to lead the bus boycott in Montgomery, and achieved his goal of desegregating busses. Building on the success of the Bus Boycott, King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and emphasized the importance of black voting rights when he spoke at the Lincoln Memorial during the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom. Kings renown grew as he became Time magazines Man of the Year and, in December 1964, the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Among many other things he also organized huge rallies against poverty. Early in 1968, he initiated a Poor Peoples campaign designed to help economic problems that had not been addressed by early civil rights reforms. He was a powerful speaker and became a figure head for large movements for the civil rights of blacks in the South. One of his many achievements began in 1955 after Rosa Parkes was arrested for not giving up her bus seat for a white person. He was asked to lead the bus boycott in Montgomery, and achieved his goal of desegregating busses. Building on the success of the Bus Boycott, King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and emphasized the importance of black voting rights when he spoke at the Lincoln Memorial during the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom. Kings renown grew as he became Time magazines Man of the Year and, in December 1964, the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Among many other things he also organized huge rallies against poverty. Early in 1968, he initiated a Poor Peoples campaign designed to help economic problems that had not been addressed by early civil rights reforms. Kings overall effectiveness in achieving his goals where limited because of divisions among blacks. He also encountered resistance from national political leaders. The FBI director J. Edgar Hoovers extensive efforts to undermined Kings leadership grew during 1967 as urban racial violence increased and King criticized American intervention in the Vietnam war. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968, while seeking to assist a garbage workers strike in Memphis. After his death, King remained a controversial symbol of the African-American civil rights struggle, praised by many for his work and condemned by others for his militancy and insurgent views. Bibliography Marin luther king, jr: bound to love, and American Saint http://www.sol.com.au/kor/15_01. htm Goode, Stephen. Assasination! Franklin Watts, 1979 p. 87 103 Encyclopedia Americana. King, Martin Luthar Oxford Publishing Group, 1991 Vl. K-10, p. 230-231 Encarta Interactive Encyclopedia, King, Martin Luther Microsoft, 1996 Archer Audio Arkives, Clips from Martin Luther King, jr http://www. archervalerie.com/mlk.html Comptons Encyclopedia, Martin Luthar King, jr 96 .

Circulatory System Lab Report Essay Example

Circulatory System Lab Report Paper This will provide the blood with oxygen for the body. Oxygen can be entered through the mouth and the nose. (Author: Unknown, Year 2009 (Edited), Title: The Respiratory system, http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Respiratory_system Date visited: 29/05/09) Heart Rates: The meaning pulse rate is exactly the same than a heart rate. The Pulse Rate/ Heart Rate is the dilation and contraction of the elastic muscular wall of the arteries. The Pulse Rate can be found in Arteries closer to the surface, for example; Carotid pulse in the neck and the Radial Pulse in the wrist. The heart rate can be increased or decreased for various reasons, For example; Exercise. The Harder and longer we exercise the more oxygenated blood is used by the cells, Therefore our heart rate increases so then oxygenated blood is pumped faster, as we exercise harder, The body uses more oxygen and inhales oxygen more frequently. This is because the cells in the body are working harder ND need fresh oxygenated blood faster to operate (Inhale to breathe in oxygen, Exhale to breathe out Carbon Dioxide). Group 1: activity Group 2: 30 Minutes No activity Aim: This experiment will prove how heart rates change with 30 minutes exercise a day Vs.. No exercise a week, and also the fitness levels after; gained and lost. Hypothesis: I think 30 minutes exercise a day will decrease the heart rate and increase fitness for Group 1. I think Group 2 will increase heart rate, decrease fitness and increase calories. Materials: Pen Record Sheets Stop watches Year 9 Students Method: Step 1: Students rested by lying down comfortably. We will write a custom essay sample on Circulatory System Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Circulatory System Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Circulatory System Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Step 2: Their pulse rate was measured for 15 seconds, then recorded. Steps: Students conducted 15 seconds of star jumps, then the pulse rate was recorded. Steps: Students conducted 1 5 seconds of star jumps, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 5: Students conducted 15 seconds of star jumps, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 6: Students conducted 15 seconds of star jumps, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 7: Students conducted 15 seconds of star jumps, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 8: Students rested by lying down or 15 seconds, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 9: Students rested by lying down for 15 seconds, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 10: Students rested by lying down for 15 seconds, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 1 1: Students rested by lying down for 15 seconds, then the pulse rate was recorded. Step 12: Students rested by lying down for 15 seconds, then the pulse rate was recorded. (Each 15 seconds of each step represents % oaf minute, 15 seconds was then times by 4) (15 seconds X 4 = 60 seconds) Results: Personal average results: Pulse Description Pulse rate per 15 seconds X Resting Pulse (before exercise) 19 76 4 (Pulse rate per minute) After 1 minute exercise 27 After 2 minute exercise 33 After 3 minute exercise 38 After 4 minute exercise 40 After 5 minute exercise 44 108 132 152 160 176 After 1 minute recovery 112 After 2 minute recovery 96 After 3 minute recovery 88 After 4 minute recovery 19 76 After 5 minute recovery 19 76 (30 minutes activity) Group 1: The person would have a lower heart rate in which it would have increased slower and then decreased faster than group 2, and also much fitter. Group 1 results (Averages): Exercise duration Average Heart rates (30 Minis exercise) Resting pulse rate: 75 1 Minute exercise: 135 2 Minute exercise: 148 3 Minute exercise: 152 4 Minute exercise. 152 5 Minute exercise: 154 1 Minute recovery . 103 2 Minute recovery: 94 3 Minute recovery: 87 4 Minute recovery: 81 5 Minute recovery: 76 (No activity) Group 2: The person would have a much higher heart rate than group 1, not fit and likely to be normal obese (Weight). Group 2 results (Average): The results recorded in the heart rates were average to an average student. The results were similar. The differences had shown the fitness level. (The lower the heart rate the fitter, The higher the less fitter. The results recorded in the heart rates were higher than a frequent swimmer. The results were different than an average swimmer. Discussion: When exercise is conducted, Cells are forced to work harder in which, the cells will then need nutrients faster. When blood is pumped from the heart it travels to the lungs to get oxygen (oxygenated blood), then to the cells therefore cells will need nutrients faster so this process speeds up. The results were expected; every minute the average heart rate increased by at least 10 beats, however the heart rates went down roughly the same speed than when exercising.

USS Lexington (CV-16) - World War II Aircraft Carrier

USS Lexington (CV-16) - World War II Aircraft Carrier USS Lexington (CV-16) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Aircraft Carrier Shipyard: Fore River Shipyard - Bethlehem Steel Laid Down: July 15, 1941 Launched: September 23, 1942 Commissioned: February 17, 1943 Fate: Museum Ship, Corpus Christi, TX USS Lexington (CV-16) - Specifications Displacement: 27,100 tons Length: 872 ft. Beam: 93 ft. Draft: 28 ft., 5 in. Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed: 33 knots Complement: 2,600 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 110 aircraft USS Lexington (CV-16) - Design Construction: Conceived in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were designed to conform to the limitations set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This agreement placed restrictions on the tonnage of different types of warships as well as capped each signatorys overall tonnage. These types of restrictions were affirmed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions increased, Japan and Italy departed the treaty structure in 1936. With the collapse of the this system, the US Navy began designing a new, larger class of aircraft carrier and one which drew from the lessons learned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting design was wider and longer as well as included a deck-edge elevator. This had been employed earlier on USS Wasp (CV-7). In addition to carrying a larger air group, the new design possessed a greatly enhanced anti-aircraft armament. Designated the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by USS Cabot (CV-16) which was laid down on July 15, 1941 at Bethlehem Steels Fore River Ship in Quincy, MA. Over the next year, the carriers hull took shape as the US entered World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. On June 16, 1942, Cabots name was changed to Lexington to honor the carrier of the same name (CV-2) which had been lost the previous month at the Battle of the Coral Sea. Launched on September 23, 1942, Lexington slid into the water with Helen Roosevelt Robinson serving as sponsor. Needed for combat operations, workers pushed to complete the ship and it entered commission on February 17, 1943, with Captain Felix Stump in command. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Arriving in the Pacific: Steaming south, Lexington conducted a shakedown and training cruise in the Caribbean. During this period, it suffered a notable casualty when the F4F Wildcat flown by 1939 Heisman Trophy winner Nile Kinnick crashed off the coast of Venezuela on June 2. After returning to Boston for maintenance, Lexington departed for the Pacific. Passing through the Panama Canal, it arrived at Pearl Harbor on August 9. Moving to the war zone, the carrier conducted raids against Tarawa and Wake Island in September. Returning to the Gilberts in November, Lexingtons aircraft supported the landings on Tarawa between November 19 and 24 as well as mounted raids against Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. Continuing to operate against the Marshalls, the carriers planes struck Kwajalein on December 4 where they sank a cargo ship and damaged two cruisers. At 11:22 PM that night, Lexington came under attack by Japanese torpedo bombers. Though taking evasive maneuvers, the carrier sustained a torpedo hit on the starboard side which disabled the ships steering. Working quickly, damage control parties contained the resulting fires and devised a temporary steering system. Withdrawing, Lexington made for Pearl Harbor before proceeding on to Bremerton, WA for repairs. It reached Puget Sound Navy Yard on December 22. In the first of several instances, the Japanese believed the carrier to have been sunk. Its frequent reappearance in combat coupled with its blue camouflage scheme earned Lexington the nickname The Blue Ghost. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Return to Combat: Fully repaired on February 20, 1944, Lexington joined Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Fast Carrier Task Force (TF58) at Majuro in early March. Taken by Mitscher as his flagship, the carrier raided Mili Atoll before moving south to support General Douglas MacArthurs campaign in northern New Guinea. Following a raid on Truk on April 28, the Japanese again believed the carrier to have been sunk. Moving north to the Marianas, Mitschers carriers next began reducing Japanese air power in the islands prior to the landings on Saipan in June. On June 19-20, Lexington took part in the victory at the Battle of the Philippine Sea which saw American pilots win the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot in the sky while sinking a Japanese carrier and damaging several other warships. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Battle of Leyte Gulf: Later in the summer, Lexington supported the invasion of Guam before raiding the Palaus and Bonins. After striking targets in the Caroline Islands in September, the carrier commenced attacks against the Philippines in preparation for the Allied return to the archipelago. In October, Mitschers task force moved to cover MacArthurs landings on Leyte. With the beginning of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, Lexingtons aircraft aided in sinking the battleship Musashi on October 24. The next day, its pilots contributed to the destruction of the light carrier Chitose and received sole credit for sinking the fleet carrier Zuikaku. Raids later in the day saw Lexingtons planes aid in eliminating the light carrier Zuiho and the cruiser Nachi. On the afternoon of October 25, Lexington sustained a hit from a kamikaze which struck near the island. Though this structure was badly damaged, it did not severely hamper combat operations. In the course of the engagement, the carriers gunners downed another kamikaze that had targeted USS Ticonderoga (CV-14). Repaired at Ulithi after the battle, Lexington spent December and January 1945 raiding Luzon and Formosa before entering the South China Sea to strike at Indochina and Hong Kong. Hitting Formosa again in late January, Mitscher then attacked Okinawa. After replenishing at Ulithi, Lexington and its consorts moved north and commenced attacks on Japan in February. Late in the month, the carriers aircraft supported the invasion of Iwo Jima before the ship departed for an overhaul at Puget Sound. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Final Campaigns: Rejoining the fleet on May 22, Lexington formed part of Rear Admiral Thomas L. Spragues task force off Leyte. Steaming north, Sprague mounted attacks against airfields on Honshu and Hokkaido, industrial targets around Tokyo, as well as the remnants of the Japanese fleet at Kure and Yokosuka. These efforts continued until mid-August when Lexingtons final raid received orders to jettison its bombs due to the Japanese surrender. With the end of the conflict, the carriers aircraft commenced patrols over Japan before taking part in Operation Magic Carpet to return American servicemen home. With the reduction in fleet strength after the war, Lexington was decommissioned on April 23, 1947 and placed in the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Puget Sound. USS Lexington (CV-16) - Cold War Training: Redesignated as an attack carrier (CVA-16) on October 1, 1952, Lexington moved to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard the following September. There it received both SCB-27C and SCB-125 modernizations. These saw modifications to Lexingtons island, the creation of a hurricane bow, installation of an angled flight deck, as well as a strengthening of the flight deck to handle newer jet aircraft. Recommissioned on August 15, 1955 with Captain A.S. Heyward, Jr. in command, Lexington began operations out of San Diego. The following year it commenced a deployment with the US 7th Fleet in the Far East with Yokosuka as its home port. Arriving back in San Diego in October 1957, Lexington moved through a brief overhaul at Puget Sound. In July 1958, it returned to Far East to reinforce the 7th Fleet during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. After further service off the coast of Asia, Lexington received orders in January 1962 to relieve USS Antietam (CV-36) as a training carrier in the Gulf of Mexico. On October 1, the carrier was redesignated as an anti-submarine warfare carrier (CVS-16) though this, and its relief of Antietam, was delayed until later in the month due to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Taking over the training role on December 29, Lexington began routine operations out of Pensacola, FL. Steaming in the Gulf of Mexico, the carrier trained new naval aviators in the art of taking off and landing at sea. Formally designated as a training carrier January 1, 1969, it spent the next twenty-two years in this role. The final Essex-class carrier still in use, Lexington was decommissioned on November 8, 1991. The following year, the carrier was donated for use as a museum ship and is currently open to the public in Corpus Christi, TX. Selected Sources DANFS: USS Lexington (CV-16)USS Lexington Museum

Why car seat belts should be a law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why car seat belts should be a law - Essay Example Research suggests that making seat belt use a primary offense does not result in reduced death rates, enforcement of law to wear seat belts in the car can adversely influence behavior, and risk is an individual factor, hence enforcement of seat belts only affect the external behavior posing higher risk to others including cyclists, pedestrian and other drivers. Proponents of imposing penalties for not using seat belts claim that increasing penalties increases the usage of seat belts, studies suggest otherwise. Even though states treating seal belt usage a primary offense reported that seat belt was used 74% of the times and those as a secondary offense reported usage at 61% times, these data do not prove that usage of seat belts has led to decreased traffic injuries and fatalities. No jurisdiction that has passed a seat belt law has shown evidence of a reduction in road accident deaths (Kopel, 1999). It is important to note that some people wear seat belt with or without enforcement of law. In 1996 in New York, when non usage of seat belt was a primary offense, it was observed that despite 74% usage, 46% of its fatally injured car occupants were wearing seat belts. In Iowa, with 75% usage of seat belts 50% of its fatally injured car occupants were wearing seat belts. Wyoming had no primary law enforcing seat belt usage but 72% usage was re ported. Thus, these data amply suggest that imposing penalties and treating seat belt usage a primary offense has not known to reduce accidents. Secondly, people would use seat belt even if no law is enforced. Enforcement of law to use seat belt in the car can adversely affect human behavior. In a study, when subjects who normally did not wear seat belts, were asked to do SO, they were found to drive faster, followed closely and braked later (Kopel). People who are naturally cautious would wear seat belts voluntarily. When reckless people are forced to wear seat belts, they drive more recklessly. According to Robertson,

Interview of Professor Graue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interview of Professor Graue - Essay Example My interview with Professor Graue was truly enlightening. It offered me a whole new perspective on how â€Å"human† university professors actually are. Professor Graue was called into the teaching profession and he dutifully heeded this calling. Other than teaching, he also has to fulfill responsibilities in the University such as assisting students, running the Mathematics department and completing researches. Professor Graue employs a number of teaching strategies that would make it easier for students to learn and appreciate mathematics. He further says that in order to succeed and be happy as a university professor, one has to be continuously learning and must have the intrinsic love for teaching. My interview with Professor Graue proves why he is a campus favorite among students. He is truly a valuable asset in the teaching profession. His knowledge in Mathematics and passion for teaching makes him a gem in his chosen field.

The gospel of Mark supports the idea that the messiah (Jesus Christ) Term Paper

The gospel of Mark supports the idea that the messiah (Jesus Christ) must receive dominion, glory, and kingship - Term Paper Example Verse 14 of the same chapter says that dominion, glory and a kingdom were all given to the image he saw, people of all nations and languages should serve him (what resembled the son of man). Further, the son of man's dominion over the nations is everlasting and shall not pass away and his kingdom shall not be destroyed (Daniel 7: 14). Although what Daniel saw was just a vision, the description befits the character of Jesus as recorded in the New Testament. Hundreds of years after Daniel' vision, the fulfillment came through the birth of Jesus. According to Mark 1: 2, the birth of Jesus came as a fulfillment of what was written by the prophets. Hence, God send a messenger to prepare the way for the coming of Christ. After Jesus' birth, what transpired as recorded in the Gospel of Mark only supports the idea that Jesus was indeed the Son of man as predicted by Daniel and that he had in his power the ability to be the messiah and deliver the world from earthly sins. All the aspects of Jesus were unique, right from the time he was baptized to the time he died on the cross. This papers bases its discussion against a backdrop of the events that led to the birth of Jesus, right from the prophesies in the Old Testament to the fulfillment of all the anticipated occurrences. Hence, the paper will evaluate the significance of Daniel's visions as well as the relevance of the prophesies. In order to get concise ideas from the New Testament, the Gospel of Mark will be used to highlight the life of Jesus right from baptism and therefore show why Jesus was indeed the figure to receive dominion, glory and kingship to rule over the world. The birth of Jesus and commencement of his ministry There is every bit of evidence that the life Jesus would be no ordinary right from the time he was baptized. To begin with, he was baptized by a very special man, John the Baptist, who had been born just to prepare a way for him (Mark 1: 2). While John was used to baptizing people with water, he was categorical that Jesus would have powers to baptize people using the Holy Spirit. This portrays Jesus as a being that would possess supernatural powers that would rule over the people. Indeed when the time came for Jesus to be baptized, the service was provided by John the Baptist. That would seem ordinary since baptism was part of John's normal activities, but the amazing aspects of the baptism are the events that followed the baptism activity. As recorded in Mark 1: 9-10, after Jesus was baptized, the heavens opened and Jesus saw the spirit of God descending upon him in the form of a dove. This was followed by a voice from heaven that said that Jesus is "my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased". This was probably the voice of God and the statement shows that Jesus was indeed being monitored at all times. In the early days of Jesus' ministry, he went to Galilee to preach, at a time when John the Baptist had been imprisoned (Mark 1: 14). The choice of words that Jesus used implied that he indeed had a right to the kingdom (of God). Jesus told the people that the time had been fulfilled, and that the kingdom of God was at hand, they only had to repent and believe the Gospel (verse 15). That the kingdom of

The Transaction Processing Systems

The Transaction Processing Systems It has been widely established lately that how important information system has become for business processes. According to authors, information system is a field that merges business management with computer applications to smoothen the process for business in more efficient a way. In simpler terms, information system bridges in data, people, procedures and computer software and hardware to analyse and gather information digitally. This typically helps in assimilating information in an organised way for better functionality and operations of organisations. Traditionally information system was considered as design meant to be carried out principally from a technical viewpoint. But with growing awareness and acceptance towards the system has made people realise that it represents various other and broadened viewpoints that culminates stakeholders in order to attend to their economical, institutional, political and other interests. Hence, it would not be wrong to say that a systematic and practical framework or information system is most likely to tend to the aim of reaching an integrated information model for an organisation. Information System Silver et al. (1995) defines Information Systems as one which is implemented within an organization for the purpose of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of that organization. Capabilities of the information system and characteristics of the organization, its work systems, its people, and its development and implementation methodologies together determine the extent to which that purpose is achieved. Where a group of scholars believe that information connects with hardware, software, data, procedures and people; another school of thought advocates Information system to include people, business processes and Information Systems. Four conventional Classes of Information System Classification of Information system differs as per the business needs and the structure and level of organisations. The needs of information system vary as per the levels and decision structure needed at every level. Primarily, information need ranges in following management capacity- Strategic control, managerial aspects and operational functions. The following pyramids describe the functions of organisation and the levels of decision authority along with the associated classes of Information System. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS The pyramid from bottom starts with lower management which deals with day to day operations of the organisation. This class of information system is handled by lower management who represents an organisation in daily routine and business such as attendance of employees, posting of entries in bank, processing of orders, evaluating overdue purchaser orders airline booking function etc. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS The second category of information required by the middle management is known as managerial information. The information required at this level is used for making short term decisions and plans for the organization. Information like sales analysis for the past quarter or yearly production details etc. fall under this category. Management information system (MIS) caters to such information needs of the organization. Due to its capabilities to fulfil the managerial information needs of the organization, Management Information Systems have become a necessity for all big organizations. And due to its vastness, most of the big organizations have separate MIS departments to look into the related issues and proper functioning of the system. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS In simpler words, it is an interactive channel that integrates and collets information from varied source to enhance the non-routine decisions. The information generated here is not made available to lower level staff nor do they need it. For example, trends and figures of revenue generation which helps in deciding policies etc. These types of decisive data supported by information system are required by senior management only and are called as Decision Support Systems. EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS The top level of this hierarchical classification of information system concerns only topmost management and the data integrated by information system is here is handy for executives only. Executive Information Systems involves at strategic management level which is coordinated and handled by top management in an organisation. This category facilitates the management with relevant data and information in convenient format required for strategic planning that aims at developing plans and construct major decisions towards the organisational goals Banking Structure Implementation of Information System Banking is a vibrant sector which deals in with enormous data on daily basis. Technically speaking a bank caters to the money related transaction with customers. Generally it involves following services- Customers saving and Current account management Cheque services- collections and payments Credit and debit cards Handling of Loans, insurance, fixed deposits and other policies In competitive environment, any bank strives to provide best of services facilitating convenience factor and ease of use to customer to gain on competitive advantage. Banking structure has evolved tremendously since its inception. Where banking was started with manual maintenance of records on papers; now the sector has been computerised and IT have been playing quite a revolutionary role to bring transformation in banking. The different platforms that a bank extends nowadays are conventional retail bank outlet, ATM, online banking, Mobile Banking etc. In this versatile scenario of functions and services, information takes a centric position and a strategic handling and available of information gets very pertinent. Lately information system has been hotly debated for being a contributory tool to amalgamate all these functions by integrating all the information and data for required authority in right time and place. Information system and banking As has been explained above information system involves people, data and procedure. For any given bank or financial institution accuracy and timely availability of information is quite challenging. Inculcation of information system and technology tend to solve the maximum of related issues and bring in efficiency in the system and added benefits to ease the line of operations. For bank, an information system execute three basic functions- It receive data from different sources as input It generates information by processing the collected data It transfers the output to the concerned authority viz. Managers, sales executive, accountant, cashier etc. Functions of Information System in Bank A few typical business processes in bank that information system coordinates are- Bank account transactions Bank loans and insurance management Business forecasts Customer credits approval and credit terms Property tax evaluation Stock transactions Financial cash flow reports The following section will elaborate application of different information system in bank operations. TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS Every bank tends to rely on a system that can manage and integrate its routine operations in organised manner with accuracy. Bank in its operation involves encountering with numerous customers to deal in with their payment or deposit demands. As per Ralph (2008) in absence of such systems, recording and processing of such business transaction would consume plenty of time and absorb huge amounts of organisational resources. Data thus collected through these systems also end up making valuable repositories which can later also be used in decision making. However, primary use is to satisfy customers and provide a competitive advantage by improving services and reducing costs. For the same line of functions, banks deploy many type of transaction process system in order to capture and process the data necessary to update records regarding basic functions of the bank. For instance, bank TPS systems standardise the routine work linked with general banking transactions for the handling of deposits and withdraws, cashing of cheques, ATM online banking functions and other processes. TPS can be divided in two categories based on its way to process data- Batch Processing- It suggests processing of data within the preset limits for certain period of time such as daily, weekly or monthly. A conceptual figure of Batch Processing System The above conceptual figure illustrates how the batch processes system work for a bank in processing of cheques which are collected and then processed usually over specific period of time. It incorporates following 4 steps- Gathering information of business transactions in batches which in this case is cheques Recording the information on specific files and discs in input medium Processing of transactions (cheques for this case) as per defined process i.e. after verification, checking accounts etc and updating master file, reports and a variety of documents, for example customer paycheques or invoices. Capturing and storing batches of transactions data at remote sites, and then transmitting it periodically to central computers for processing. Real-time Processing- This involves instant transaction needs such as money withdrawal from ATM or cash counter or online banking transactions. It provides a direct interface between user and TPS allowing one transaction at time with immediate results. Following figure explains how transaction process works on real-time basis. A Typical Example of Banking Transaction Process System Customer Activity System Activity Enter A/c number Verify a/c no.- acceptable or not Enter password (****) Verify the password Enter withdrawal amount Verify if the amount is within the withdrawal limits Ledger Updates the transaction in bank records Remove Receipt Money Dispense Money Issue transaction Receipt Ready for next transaction To sum up, TPS in bank incorporates 5 activities- Data entry- accounts and customers entry Transactions- bank transactions- cheques, accounts and ATM transactions etc Report and Documents processing Database and Files processing Inquiry processing- Checking balance MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS MIS helps middle level managers with reports and information that further assists them in taking unstructured decisions. TPS takes into account data entry and usual transactions but MIS generates report on how transactions are done over a period of time such as monthly or quarterly reports. This data helps business assess the performance of bank and how much business they have done. Based on the data generated, sales policy can be framed to target for next quarter. For example, a quarterly report can reflect how many new accounts have been opened and how many have been closed. If any major discrepancy is observed in these figures as compared to previous quarters reports than a manager needs to pay attention. He will have to see if this is happening due to service offered by bank or if customers are dissatisfied and displeased with bank or due to competitors or its just like that. Based on the analysis and the resulting reason, a line of action can be planned by manager to improve the performance of bank in order to attract and retain new customers. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Roping in around the definition given by authors like Alter (1980), Bonczek et al.( 1981), Keen and Scott-Morton (1978), DSS can be defined to be a system which- Enhances decision with data for decision makers rather than replacing them Utilises information, documents, and reports Solves problem with varying structure degrees- semi structure, unstructured Facilitates effectiveness and not efficiency in decision making process Velmurugan (2008) defines DSS as, an interactive information system that enables decisions making in unstructured or semi structured situations by facilitating information, models and data manipulation. Authors further argues that DSS method generally influences upper level management decision making with a reasonably low frequency and high potential consequences in which the time taken for thinking through and modelling the problem pays off generously in the long run. It can be differentiated with MIS on accounts that it requires a macro approach and not a target based decisions that are usually taken through MIS. As explained above that through MIS, manager can draft a sales plan to cover up falling customers for next quarter. However, with Decision Support system case is not so. It takes a broader view. If this decline in customers is observed for long term than senior management takes a note and based on reports takes a decision. It can be anything based upon the situation. For i nstance- hiring new staff or training the existing one if management thinks its due to employees inefficiency. Installation of new ATM machines if customers are withdrawing for not able to find out bank outlets. New software installation for online banking channel in case of painstaking effort that customer is facing while doing online transactions and so on. There can be number of other decisions that can be reached but everything depends on managers ability to think and to infer a decision based on the data drawn from DSS. In bank typically DSS can help in decision related to following areas- Cash management and debt planning Planning in mergers and acquisitions Capital budgeting Selecting RD project Evaluating financial risks Structuring optimal lease Financial analysis and diagnosis Real estate appraisal and investment Funding strategic product development Setting interest rates for money market deposit accounts Locating banks Managing portfolio Small business financial planning EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS Executive Information System was first introduced in 1982 (Rockart and Treacy, 1982) to illustrate the kind of systems a few senior corporate officers were using on a regular basis to access information they needed. Watson et al (1991) characterises that EIS is an information system that equips topmost management with internal and external data that contributes towards the success factors of organisation without the need of intermediaries. This data is considered as very confidential and is made available to the topmost managers only who are capable to take major decisions for business process and structure of an organisation. In a bank EIS can assist executives with financial ratios and cash flow analysis that further enhance them to plan out capital investment decision based on trends drawn from EIS reports. It involves both internal and external data that gives a large picture of scenario before executive really think to bring in a major decision in the bank. Executive information system is a responsibility-oriented medium that blends budgeting and planning with control of performance reporting, and it can be considerably helpful to finance executives. EIS aids topmost management to focus on the long term goals by curbing in current year and beyond. This allows executives to monetize and plan with a visionary approach for years to come to expand business based on current operations and future projections generated from EIS reports. It would hence not be wrong to say that EIS is a significant tool for executives to analyse financial trends, ratios and review banks performance, its competitors and market trends. . Conclusion It has been widely accepted that information system is increasingly being adopted by more and more companies to streamline their business process in systematic way. Factors such as efficiency and cost cut and time saving are being mentioned as top advantages of information system. Broadly information system is accrued with following advantages- It enables company to keep a track of strength and weaknesses with the 360 degrees assessment of reports generated for revenue, employees performance etc Trackback of customers data and their feedback is useful for organisations to reach decisions for business Streamlining of information and availability to it whenever needed helps organisation to work efficiently The above discussion clearly reflected that how information system can be implemented in an organisation (particularly bank) and how that organisation can reap in benefits out of it. The four different classes of the system were defined and their implementation in banking operations has been illustrated in detail. A bank is a place with certain predefined standards and hence accuracy to them is very pertinent. Any failure in those on behalf of employees or any other reason can cost bank heaps not only on monetary terms but on brand image also. A customer deals with bank out of trust factor only. Henceforth, a flawless technology and apt use of these different information systems at different level is very promising for bank. This paper didnt discuss the limitations which might arise but an organisation should keep a vouch upon them as ongoing process. Cultural and technological concerns are cited as most typical limitations to the information system. Despite of this bottleneck that may arise in the process of acceptance of information system, it holds tremendous potential to automate the process in business and improve the overall functionality of organisations. References Bonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C. Whinston, A.B., 1981. Foundations of Decision Support Systems, Academic Press, New York. Keen, P. G. Scott Morton, M.S., 1978. Decision support Systems: An organisational Perspective. Addison- Welson Inc. MA. Mentzas, G. (nd). Towards Intelligent Organisational Information Systems. International Journal of Information Management. 14 (6), pp. 397-410. Narayanasamy, K. Velmurugan, M.S., 2008. Application of Decision Support System in E-commerce. Communications of the IBIMA Volume 5. Ralph, M.S. Reynolds, G., 2008. Fundamentals of Information Systems. Cengage Learning. Rockart J. F. Treacy M.,1982. The CEO Goes On-line. Harvard Business Review, 60 (1) Watson, H.J. and M.M. Hill (1983) Decision Support Systems or what didnt happen with MIS, Interfaces, 13(5), pp. 81-88.

The Flawed Character of Emma Woodhouse in Jane Austens Emma Essay

The Flawed Character of Emma Woodhouse     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Emma Woodhouse, Jane Austen has created a wonderfully flawed heroine. Had Emma been perfect, her situation would have been of no interest to anyone; her flaws are what interest both reader and critic. Peter W. Graham is interested particularly with the first page of the novel where Emma is first introduced to the reader. He discusses how significant the beginning of the novel is to mapping out "Emma's personal development"(42). Walton A. Litz and Patricia Meyer Spacks are much more interested in what Emma's imagination shows about her development. Litz says that "[t]he basic movement of Emma is from delusion to self-recognition, from illusion to reality"(369). Spacks takes the opposite argument suggesting Emma doesn't grow but is simply alleviated of her boredom and her imagination disappears with it. I think Emma's growth throughout the novel is pronounced; she starts out loveable enough but with much to learn. She grows from self-delusion to self-awareness and learn s to see truth and not just what she wants to see. She also grows in her social vision, although not as much as one may hope. All in all Emma makes significant developments and it is easy to imagine that with more time and Mr. Knightley's influence she will only continue learning and growing. At the beginning of the novel we are made very aware of Emma's character, both her strengths and her flaws. She starts out, "seem[ing] to unite some of the best blessings in existence"(Austen, 1; Italics, Graham). Her flaws are "at present so unperceived that they d[o] not by any means rank as misfortunes with her" (1) but instead of seeming a fortunate thing Peter W. Graham states that "by naming what Emma has hitherto avo... ...ce we are never told. All in all Emma makes great strides in her development and there is no section of her life in which she doesn't improve in part. Having come this far already and with Knightley's continued guidance we can only imagine Emma continuing to learn and grow. As we have already seen in her role as daughter, she has been tested and not been found wanting. This definitely bodes well for any tests remaining in Emma's future. Works cited Austen, Jane. Emma. 1972. Norton Critical ed. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company,1993 Graham, Peter W. "Emma's Three Sisters" Arizona Quarterly vol 43 no.1 (1987): 39-52 Litz, A. Walton. "Limits of Freedom: Emma" Emma. 1972. Norton Critical ed. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993, 369-377 Spacks, Patricia Meyer. "Women & Boredom: The Two Emmas" Yale Journal of Criticism vol.2 no. 2 (1989): 191-205